![]() Text based on Dawson, I.K., Harvey, P.R., Merrett, P. Ensure heathlands are managed to provide some open ground habitats. Protect heathland and grassland from destruction for agricultural and urban development. Loss of grassland and heathland due to agricultural and urban development and as a result of succession. Both sexes have been recorded in summer, males also in November.Īlthough recorded from 46 hectads since 1992, and showing an apparent decline of 46% in squares with spider records both before and after that date (71 to 38), this species may be under-recorded, so we prefer a Watching Brief. This species is sometimes found when grubbing at the base of long grass, but it also occurs under scattered stones, discarded rubbish and grassy tussocks on heathland. The common genera of this family include Cesonia, Drassodes, Gnaphosa, Zelotes and Micaria. ![]() pubescens has a Palaearctic distribution and is widespread in western and central Europe as far north as southern Norway and Finland, but it is not recorded from Ireland. ![]() 2 At present, no ground spiders are known to be seriously venomous to humans. Zelotes spp., a large group of ground spiders that can be found in various environments. There are 105 species known to central Europe, 1 and common genera include Gnaphosa, Drassodes, Micaria, Cesonia, Zelotes and many others. Drassodes spp., which are ground spiders with leathery or velvety abdomens. The species is widespread in parts of southern England, becoming very scattered and scarce northwards into Scotland. Herpyllus ecclesiasticus, the Eastern parson spider. About this species Recorded altitude range
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